From P-Values to Evidence: Interpreting Statistical Results in Regulatory Decision-Making

08 Jun 2026
10:00 AM PDT | 01:00 PM EDT
90 Minutes

Statistical significance alone is no longer sufficient to support regulatory claims. Modern regulatory review requires careful interpretation of effect size, confidence intervals, robustness, and clinical relevance. This webinar provides a technically grounded, example-driven approach to interpreting p-values and statistical results in regulatory submissions.

For decades, statistical interpretation in regulatory submissions has centered on whether a p-value crosses a fixed threshold. However, regulatory agencies increasingly emphasize effect magnitude, precision, clinical relevance, and methodological robustness when evaluating evidence. Over-reliance on p-values can lead to weak justifications, regulatory questions, or delayed approvals.

This technically grounded session examines what p-values measure mathematically, why they are limited when used alone, and how confidence intervals, effect sizes, and sensitivity analyses strengthen evidentiary interpretation. Through worked examples and step-by-step analysis, participants will learn how to critically evaluate statistical findings to ensure they are defensible in regulatory decision-making.
 

WHY SHOULD YOU ATTEND?

Many regulatory professionals assume that achieving p < 0.05 is enough to support a claim. In reality, regulators frequently question whether results are clinically meaningful, precisely estimated, and methodologically robust.
Do you know how to interpret a statistically significant result with a trivial effect size? Can you defend a non-significant result when confidence intervals suggest potential benefit? Are your non-inferiority margins properly justified?
Misinterpreting statistical evidence can weaken submissions and invite regulatory scrutiny. This training equips QA and Regulatory professionals with a structured, technical framework to interpret statistical results beyond simple significance testing — reducing risk and strengthening regulatory defensibility.

AREA COVERED

  • Logic of hypothesis testing
  • What a p-value measures — and its limitations
  • Relationship between p-values and confidence intervals
  • Effect size interpretation in regulatory context
  • Precision and uncertainty assessment
  • Large-sample vs small-sample interpretation challenges
  • Sensitivity analyses and robustness evaluation
  • Clinical vs statistical vs regulatory significance
  • Practical checklist for reviewing statistical evidence

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

  • P-value interpretation
  • Hypothesis testing in regulatory submissions
  • Statistical significance vs clinical significance
  • Confidence intervals in regulatory decision-making
  • Effect size interpretation
  • Regulatory statistical review
  • ICH E9 R1 estimand guidance
  • FDA statistical expectations
  • Non-inferiority margin justification
  • Multiplicity in clinical trials
  • Sensitivity analysis in submissions
  • Regulatory defensibility of statistical evidence
  • Benefit–risk statistical evaluation
  • Type I and Type II error in regulatory context
  • Clinical trial statistical interpretation
  • Pharmacovigilance statistical analysis
  • QA statistical review checklist
  • Regulatory submission statistical standards
  • Precision and uncertainty in clinical research
  • Statistical robustness in regulatory decisions

WHO WILL BENEFIT?

  • Regulatory Affairs Directors and Managers
  • Quality Assurance Directors and Managers
  • Compliance Officers
  • Clinical Development Leaders
  • Medical Affairs Professionals
  • Biostatistics and Data Science Leaders
  • Regulatory Submission Strategists
  • Pharmacovigilance Managers
Many regulatory professionals assume that achieving p < 0.05 is enough to support a claim. In reality, regulators frequently question whether results are clinically meaningful, precisely estimated, and methodologically robust.
Do you know how to interpret a statistically significant result with a trivial effect size? Can you defend a non-significant result when confidence intervals suggest potential benefit? Are your non-inferiority margins properly justified?
Misinterpreting statistical evidence can weaken submissions and invite regulatory scrutiny. This training equips QA and Regulatory professionals with a structured, technical framework to interpret statistical results beyond simple significance testing — reducing risk and strengthening regulatory defensibility.
  • Logic of hypothesis testing
  • What a p-value measures — and its limitations
  • Relationship between p-values and confidence intervals
  • Effect size interpretation in regulatory context
  • Precision and uncertainty assessment
  • Large-sample vs small-sample interpretation challenges
  • Sensitivity analyses and robustness evaluation
  • Clinical vs statistical vs regulatory significance
  • Practical checklist for reviewing statistical evidence
  • P-value interpretation
  • Hypothesis testing in regulatory submissions
  • Statistical significance vs clinical significance
  • Confidence intervals in regulatory decision-making
  • Effect size interpretation
  • Regulatory statistical review
  • ICH E9 R1 estimand guidance
  • FDA statistical expectations
  • Non-inferiority margin justification
  • Multiplicity in clinical trials
  • Sensitivity analysis in submissions
  • Regulatory defensibility of statistical evidence
  • Benefit–risk statistical evaluation
  • Type I and Type II error in regulatory context
  • Clinical trial statistical interpretation
  • Pharmacovigilance statistical analysis
  • QA statistical review checklist
  • Regulatory submission statistical standards
  • Precision and uncertainty in clinical research
  • Statistical robustness in regulatory decisions
  • Regulatory Affairs Directors and Managers
  • Quality Assurance Directors and Managers
  • Compliance Officers
  • Clinical Development Leaders
  • Medical Affairs Professionals
  • Biostatistics and Data Science Leaders
  • Regulatory Submission Strategists
  • Pharmacovigilance Managers
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Webinar Option
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Transcript (PDF Transcript of the Training)
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Live Session with unlimited participants. Invite any number of attendees to join.

Speaker Profile

ins_img Elaine Eisenbeisz

Elaine Eisenbeisz is a private practice statistician and owner of Omega Statistics, a statistical consulting firm based in Southern California.Elaine earned her B.S. in Statistics at UC Riverside and received her Master’s Certification in Applied Statistics from Texas A&M.Elaine is a member in good standing with the American Statistical Association and a member of the Mensa High IQ Society. Omega Statistics holds an A+ rating with the Better Business Bureau.Elaine has designed the methodology and analyzes data for numerous studies in the clinical, biotech, and health care fields. Elaine has also works as a contract statistician with private …

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